#Aadhaar

Identity, as a legal and technical category, used to mean *a name attached to a body in a place*. It does not mean that anymore. In its current operational form, identity means the cryptographic binding of a biometric template — an iris…

How four polities built the identity layer — China, the EU, India, the US and UK. The component the Convergence Index scores, with the receipts, country by country.

Harvesting the body as a key, country by country — China's Xinjiang DNA program, the EU's ICAO passports, India's Aadhaar fingerprints and iris, the US border-and-forensics layer. The component the Convergence Index scores.

The most important convergence case study. A democracy building China-scale infrastructure — and sometimes constraining it. Speed vs. direction.

1.4 billion enrollments. World's largest biometric identity database — fingerprints, iris scans, facial photographs linked to 12-digit ID.